Organizations start with goals. People are formed into groups or organizations with a purpose. This training can take place because an individual, an entrepreneur, has a vision for a new product or service to bring to market and recruits others to help them achieve that goal. Or the organization can be based on the congruence of desires or interests of several individuals who come together to achieve its goal. Whatever the stimulus, the core of the organization is its goal.
Organizations are simply social inventions to accomplish tasks or goals. Everyone knows organizations because we have lived in them from the day we are born. Common examples are families, schools, churches, and clubs. People create organizations because they realize that they can magnify their own abilities by working with others toward common goals. Once people come together in groups, the tasks must be differentiated and the work divided. Specialization and division of labor have two benefits; allows the optimal use of the abilities of the group members, thus taking advantage of their strengths; and avoid redundancy of manpower by clearly delineating who does what. The resulting structure, however, requires coordination of efforts. It is also clear that results are more likely to be achieved if someone is in charge of keeping the group moving toward its goal. Then the essence of management is born. Today’s most complex organizations reflect these fundamental pillars.
The primacy of objectives for organizations is clear; We hear them propose goals every day. Professional football teams strive to win the Super Bowl and baseball teams the World Series. A political party in power has the goal of staying there, while the minority party has the goal of claiming power for itself. NASA achieved his goal of landing an American astronaut on the moon, and Lee Iacocca achieved his goal of turning Chrysler Corporation around.
Objectives are the state of affairs desired by a person or organization; they are wishes that people and organizations have about where or what they want to be in the future. Objectives have traditionally been closely linked to organizational effectiveness; The degree to which an organization achieves its objectives is, in the opinion of many analysts, a measure of its effectiveness.
Objectives have four general functions:
1. Provide direction to the activities of individuals and groups;
2. They shape how organizations plan and organize their activities;
3. They are used to motivate people to perform at high levels;
4. They form the basis for evaluating and controlling the activities of the organization.
It is precisely because of its multiple uses, and the different activities to which they lead, that the subject of goals constitutes one of the most complex and controversial issues in management. Given the variety of uses for goals, consensus on an organization’s goal is very important to that organization. But that consensus rarely exists. This lack of agreement is just one of the problems involved in dealing with organizational goals. Some of the shortcomings of the goal approach have led researchers to apply alternative approaches to the study of organizations.
Source: http://en.articlesgratuits.com/formation-of-organizations-id1446.php
